Advancements in molecular medicine, a field focused on the molecular, genetic, and cellular changes or influences in disease or injury processes, are becoming increasingly important with respect to diagnostics, treatment of diseases and developing an improved understanding of what is happening in a disease state or following an injury. This presentation will provide an overview of: 1) current and future research focused on the role of gene response and genetic susceptibility to decompression sickness and CNS oxygen toxicity; 2) novel research on cellular communication in the setting of hyperoxia and its potential implications in CNS oxygen toxicity; 3) the future direction of molecular biomedical research in diving.